{"id":12867,"date":"2021-09-15T14:08:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T13:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/?p=12867"},"modified":"2021-09-15T14:25:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T13:25:36","slug":"an-investigation-in-scottish-coastal-waters-ocean-acidification","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/2021\/09\/15\/an-investigation-in-scottish-coastal-waters-ocean-acidification\/","title":{"rendered":"An investigation in Scottish coastal waters &#8211; \u00a0Ocean Acidification Week 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Most of us are familiar with the concepts of climate change and the greenhouse effect.<\/p>\n<p>The increase of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) and other greenhouse gases as a consequence of human activities, such as fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, has caused approximately 1.0\u00b0C of global warming above pre-industrial levels. Unfortunately this warming and the associated changes in the climate system are predicted to continue unless we globally respond strongly to the climate emergency.<\/p>\n<p>The ocean has absorbed the vast majority of the additional trapped solar energy, and has also taken up nearly a third of the CO<sub>2 <\/sub>added to the atmosphere by human activity since the 1980s. Without the CO<sub>2 <\/sub>uptake by the ocean, it is estimated that the atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> would be significantly higher and climate change would be greater.<\/p>\n<p>However, by absorbing increased amounts of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>\u00a0from the atmosphere, the chemistry of the ocean changes and the seawater is becoming more acidic. This process is known as Ocean Acidification (OA).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ocean Acidification<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12918\" style=\"width: 359px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Fig-1-Schematic-of-potential-impacts-of-OA-on-marine-organisms.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12918\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12918 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Fig-1-Schematic-of-potential-impacts-of-OA-on-marine-organisms.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Schematic of potential impacts of OA on marine organisms\" width=\"349\" height=\"226\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Fig-1-Schematic-of-potential-impacts-of-OA-on-marine-organisms.png 349w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Fig-1-Schematic-of-potential-impacts-of-OA-on-marine-organisms-300x194.png 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 349px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 349\/226;\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Schematic of potential impacts of OA on marine organisms<\/p><\/div>\n<p>OA impact on a wide range of marine life including plankton, shellfish, fish larvae, seaweed and seagrasses is a real concern for biodiversity reasons and also because of\u00a0 the potential to affect many of our commercially exploited species.<\/p>\n<p>Among the marine organisms predicted to be affected by OA are microscopic plants and animals with outer skeletons made of calcium carbonate (termed \u2018calcifying plankton\u2019), since increased acidity may create more corrosive conditions that would dissolve their shells and make it harder to build them.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Examples of calcifying plankton include:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>coccolithophores &#8211; single-celled microalgae covered by chalky plates,<\/li>\n<li>juvenile stages of small marine snails, such as pteropods (known as \u201csea butterflies\u201d) and<\/li>\n<li>larval stages of shellfish species such as mussels, oysters and scallops.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Scientists in Marine Scotland, a directorate of the Scottish Government, have investigated the shells of these species and have found, for the first time, evidence of shell damage (dissolution) on juvenile stages of marine snails and shellfish larvae off Stonehaven (Aberdeenshire), one of our Scottish Coastal Observatory (SCObs) sites.<\/p>\n<p>The study also suggests that the some shellfish larvae, such as mussels, present at Stonehaven are particularly vulnerable to changes in the chemistry of the seawater at this site and that OA more widely has potential consequences for Scottish shellfish, aquaculture and fisheries industries.This research is being presented by Marine Scotland Science colleagues during <a href=\"http:\/\/www.goa-on.org\/webinars\/OaWeek2021\/webinar.php\">Ocean Acidification Week<\/a> 2021, hosted by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.goa-on.org\/home.php\">Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON<\/a>). This is a virtual multi-day forum to highlight different aspects of OA research and initiatives from around the world.<\/p>\n<p>The event will take place, virtually, from 13-17 Sept 2021 and includes plenary talks as well as a number of sessions from each GOA-ON hub to showcase high level regional \/ local activities. This year Marine Scotland Science has been invited to participate in the session hosted by the Northeast Atlantic Hub (<a href=\"https:\/\/register.gotowebinar.com\/rt\/7816359309889132557\">Registration &amp; Info Page here<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12931 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18-724x1024.png\" alt=\"Ocean Acidification - the other CO2 problem\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18-362x512.png 362w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Ocean-Acidification-18-297x420.png 297w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 724px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 724\/1024;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Further information<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2018.01.011\">Seasonal variability of the carbonate system and coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi at a Scottish Coastal Observatory monitoring site. Estuarine<\/a>, Coastal and Shelf Science, 202: 302-314. Le\u00f3n, P., Walsham, P., Bresnan, E., Hartman, S.E., Hughes, S., Mackenzie, K., and Webster, L. 2018.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icesjms\/fsz178\">Relationship between shell integrity of pelagic gastropods and carbonate chemistry parameters at a Scottish Coastal Observatory monitoring site<\/a>. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77: 436-450. Le\u00f3n, P., Bednar\u0161ek, N., Walsham, P., Cook, K., Hartman, S. E., Wall-Palmer, D., Hindson, J., Mackenzie, K., Webster, L., and Bresnan, E. 2020.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/data.marine.gov.scot\/dataset\/scottish-coastal-observatory-stonehaven-site\">Scottish Coastal Observatory (SCObs) Stonehaven<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/factsheet\/2019\/11\/marine-scotland-topic-sheets-ecosystems\/documents\/ocean-acidification-and-calcifying-plankton-in-scottish-coastal-waters-published-february-2019\/ocean-acidification-and-calcifying-plankton-in-scottish-coastal-waters-published-february-2019\/govscot%3Adocument\/ocean-acidification-plankton.pdf\">Ocean Acidification and calcifying plankton in Scottish Coastal water &#8211; topic sheet\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/factsheet\/2019\/11\/marine-scotland-topic-sheets-ecosystems\/documents\/the-scottish-coastal-observatory-updated-february-2019\/the-scottish-coastal-observatory-updated-february-2019\/govscot%3Adocument\/coastla-observatory.pdf\">Scottish Coastal Observatory &#8211; topic sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/factsheet\/2019\/11\/marine-scotland-topic-sheets-ecosystems\/documents\/ocean-acidification---alteration-to-the-chemistry-of-marine-carbonate-system-updated-september-2017\/ocean-acidification---alteration-to-the-chemistry-of-marine-carbonate-system-updated-september-2017\/govscot%3Adocument\/ocean-acidification.pdf\">Ocean Acidification &#8211; topic sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By absorbing CO2\u00a0from the atmosphere the chemistry of the ocean changes and seawater becomes more acidic &#8211; this is known as Ocean Acidification.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":118,"featured_media":12919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,14,15,1882,279],"tags":[180,45,46,1875,1877,1648,156,240,285,208,111],"class_list":["post-12867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collaboration","category-general","category-mss","category-ocean-acidification","category-scottish-coastal-observatory","tag-aquaculture","tag-climate-change","tag-coastal-monitoring","tag-global-ocean-acidification-observing-network","tag-greenhouse-gases","tag-ocean-acidification","tag-research","tag-science","tag-scottish-coastal-observatory","tag-shellfish","tag-stonehaven"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An investigation in Scottish coastal waters - \u00a0Ocean Acidification Week 2021<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By absorbing CO2\u00a0from the atmosphere the chemistry of the ocean changes and seawater becomes more acidic - this is known as Ocean Acidification.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/2021\/09\/15\/an-investigation-in-scottish-coastal-waters-ocean-acidification\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An investigation in Scottish coastal waters - \u00a0Ocean Acidification Week 2021\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By absorbing CO2\u00a0from the atmosphere the chemistry of the ocean changes and seawater becomes more acidic - this is known as Ocean Acidification.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/2021\/09\/15\/an-investigation-in-scottish-coastal-waters-ocean-acidification\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Marine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-15T13:08:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-15T13:25:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2021\/09\/Figure-2-Examples-of-calcifying-plankton-monitored-in-Scottish-waters-coccolithophore-pteropod-and-bivalve-larvae-e1631627604884.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"222\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marine Directorate Communications\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marine Directorate Communications\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/2021\/09\/15\/an-investigation-in-scottish-coastal-waters-ocean-acidification\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/2021\/09\/15\/an-investigation-in-scottish-coastal-waters-ocean-acidification\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marine Directorate Communications\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/marine-scotland\/#\/schema\/person\/3e5abb68fa165c0be2defdb04924af0a\"},\"headline\":\"An investigation in Scottish coastal waters &#8211; 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