{"id":1538,"date":"2019-11-21T10:23:59","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T10:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/?p=1538"},"modified":"2019-11-21T10:23:59","modified_gmt":"2019-11-21T10:23:59","slug":"building-environmental-diplomacy-on-a-chief-scientific-advisors-research-exchange","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/2019\/11\/21\/building-environmental-diplomacy-on-a-chief-scientific-advisors-research-exchange\/","title":{"rendered":"Building environmental diplomacy on a Chief Scientific Advisor&#8217;s research exchange"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By Professor Andrew Millar, Chief Scientific Advisor, Environment, Natural Resources &amp; Agriculture<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>From the salt pans of the Atacama to a slice of the Antarctic, Chile stretches as far around the Earth&#8217;s latitude as any other country. Its striking diversity of life was what interested the biologists in our delegation from the University of Edinburgh, who visited the country&#8217;s capital Santiago in April 2019 (Figures 1 and 2). I work as a Professor in the University&#8217;s School of Biological Sciences, on the two days per week when I am not seconded to the Scottish Government as Chief Scientific Advisor (CSA) for the Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture. By extending this trip with my CSA time, I was able to visit two Chilean ministries and a research collaborator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (Figure 3). We talked through many mutual interests, and among the possible links, our idea for a joint Scottish-Chilean government workshop on peatland restoration emerged, which has since been accepted as a side event at the UNFCCC COP25 meeting in Madrid in early December 2019.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1539 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog1-750x421.jpg 750w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog1-747x420.jpg 747w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog1.jpg 824w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/169;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1540 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog2-e1574331355195-169x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"169\" height=\"300\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog2-e1574331355195-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog2-e1574331355195-288x512.jpg 288w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog2-e1574331355195-236x420.jpg 236w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog2-e1574331355195.jpg 333w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 169px) 100vw, 169px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 169px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 169\/300;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Above (left) Science talks at the EMBO workshop on biology in extreme environments. Professor Rodrigo Gutierrez, our host in Chile, introduces his work on how native plants survive in the high-altitude Atacama desert of Northern Chile.<\/p>\n<p>Above (right). An ambiguous motto at the Pontifical Catholic University in Santiago, Chile. &#8220;Deus scientiarum dominus&#8221; is drawn from an Apostolic Constitution of 1931. It can be translated in several ways but none involves the sciences, because the modern concept of science is apparently not present in Latin. &#8220;God, the master of wisdom&#8221; or &#8220;God is a wise God&#8221; have been used.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1541 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3-750x421.jpg 750w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3-748x420.jpg 748w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog3.jpg 1135w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/168;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1542 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog4-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog4-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2019\/11\/blog4.jpg 691w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/200;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Above (left): Scotland&#8217;s global network of science collaborators. I was hosted by colleagues at the Chagual Botanic Gardens collaborator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, and the spiny chagual plant that gives the garden its name.<\/p>\n<p>Southern Chile has a large area of peatland in the Magellanic moorland, where the country&#8217;s climatic zones pass through a region with similarities to Scotland, including sheep farming and salmon aquaculture. My first stop in Chile was following up an ongoing discussion of aquaculture opportunities with the Chilean Under-secretariat of Fisheries in the port city of Valparaiso, once the first major stop after ships from Europe had rounded Cape Horn. The UK embassy staff, sometimes acting as guides (see Figure 4) and sometimes as expert translators, took me from there to the Ministry of the Environment (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente), where it was Scotland&#8217;s management of peatland that caught our hosts&#8217; attention.<\/p>\n<p>Above (right). Between meetings with the diplomatic support for science. The Science and Innovation Network at the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office provides science support through the UK embassies. Its officers in Santiago Drs. Daniela Sandoval (left) and Alvaro Cabrera (centre) are recapping our meeting with Fisheries colleagues, in a coffee shop overlooking Valparaiso harbour.<\/p>\n<p>Scottish peatlands are one of the UK&#8217;s major carbon stores, with 1600 megatonnes of carbon. The water-soaked, compressed vegetation that makes up peat doesn&#8217;t lock in carbon like a lump of coal. If the peat dries out, all that vegetable matter starts to rot, releasing carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere. Our huge peatland carbon store becomes an equally big problem for the global climate emergency. Peatland restoration aims to stop the ongoing carbon release, by re-wetting peat that has been drained and keeping any undisturbed peat (just a quarter of Scotland&#8217;s peatland area) in good condition. In addition restored peatland can slow down surface water flows, reducing the risk of flooding and allowing more even hydro-electricity generation, as well as potentially improving biodiversity.<\/p>\n<p>Scottish Natural Heritage has run the Scottish Government funded Peatland ACTION project since 2012, working with a number of partners in the public, private and third sectors to restore 19,000 hectares of peat in total. This year, the Scottish Government announced \u00a314M funding for peatland restoration in 2019\/20. Under Scotland&#8217;s existing climate change plan, we already have the target of restoring 250,000 ha of peatland by 2030. The CCC report sets out the important contribution that peatland restoration can make in Scotland achieving its target of reaching net 0 emissions by 2045. Scottish Ministers will be considering this, alongside others options, as part of any required update to the existing climate change plan in the future. The new collaboration with the Chilean government aims to share ideas and approaches to deal with this massive challenge, so that we safely steward the carbon in our peatland. This year&#8217;s events will build on strong Scottish foundations. COP26 next year in Glasgow offers a fantastic opportunity to continue these international collaborations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>For more detail on Scotland&#8217;s peatlands:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Virtual visit at the Flow Country website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theflowcountry.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.theflowcountry.org.uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>SNH Peatland Action <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.scot\/climate-change\/taking-action\/peatland-action\">https:\/\/www.nature.scot\/climate-change\/taking-action\/peatland-action<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Scottish soil carbon report from CXC, 2018 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatexchange.org.uk\/media\/3046\/soil-carbon-and-land-use-in-scotland.pdf\">https:\/\/www.climatexchange.org.uk\/media\/3046\/soil-carbon-and-land-use-in-scotland.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>UK peatlands report led by CEH and JHI in 2017 <a href=\"https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/assets\/documents\/reports\/cat07\/1904111135_UK_peatland_GHG_emissions.pdf\">https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/assets\/documents\/reports\/cat07\/1904111135_UK_peatland_GHG_emissions.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Chief Scientific Advisor, Environment, Natural Resources &amp; Agriculture<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Professor Andrew Millar, FRS, FRSE provides independent science advice on issues such as the environment, agriculture and the wider rural economy and champions the use of evidence to inform policy development and delivery. This is a part-time position (3 days a week) and Professor Millar retains an academic position at the University of Edinburgh.<\/p>\n<p>The views and opinions expressed and material contained in this blog are those of Professor Andrew Millar they do represent the official views or policies of the Scottish Government.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/about\/how-government-is-run\/directorates\/environment-and-forestry\/chief-scientific-adviser-environment-nat-resources-agriculture\/\">https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/about\/how-government-is-run\/directorates\/environment-and-forestry\/chief-scientific-adviser-environment-nat-resources-agriculture\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Professor Andrew Millar, Chief Scientific Advisor, Environment, Natural Resources &amp; Agriculture From the salt pans of the Atacama to a slice of the Antarctic, Chile stretches as far around the Earth&#8217;s latitude as any other country. Its striking diversity of life was what interested the biologists in our delegation from the University of Edinburgh,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Building environmental diplomacy on a Chief Scientific Advisor&#039;s research exchange - Rural and Environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.gov.scot\/rural-environment\/2019\/11\/21\/building-environmental-diplomacy-on-a-chief-scientific-advisors-research-exchange\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Building environmental diplomacy on a Chief Scientific Advisor&#039;s research exchange - Rural and Environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Professor Andrew Millar, Chief Scientific Advisor, Environment, Natural Resources &amp; Agriculture From the salt pans of the Atacama to a slice of the Antarctic, Chile stretches as far around the Earth&#8217;s latitude as any other country. 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